Explanation:-

Answer: Option C. -> Scientific study of very low temperatures
Answer: (c)
In physics, cryogenics is the study of the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.
It is not well-defined at what point on the temperature scale refrigeration ends and cryogenics begins, but scientists assume it starts at or below –150 °C (123 K; –238 °F).

Explanation:-

Answer: Option D. -> Thiruvananthapuram
Answer: (d)The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) is a major space research centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), focusing on rocket and space vehicles for India's satellite programme. It is located in Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option B. -> Apsara
Answer: (b)
India’s First Nuclear Reactor was Apsara. It was also the first nuclear reactor in Asia. Apsara went critical at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay on August 4, 1956. It heralded the arrival of India’s nuclear energy programme.
Dr Homi Bhabha himself conceptualised the design of the reactor and the reactor was built entirely by Indian engineers in a record time of about 15 months.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option B. -> Karnataka
Answer: (b)The Master Control Facility (MCF) is located in the city of Hassan in Karnataka. Established in 1982, this facility is responsible for monitoring and controlling geostationary and geosynchronous satellites launched by ISRO.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option C. -> 1 and 2 only
Answer: (c)The GSLV-Mark III is a three stage/engine launch vehicle.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option D. -> All of the above
Answer: (d)After it was successfully placed in GTO, ISRO’s Master Control Facility (MCF) at Hassan, Karnataka has taken control of GSAT-16 satellite.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option A. -> 1 and 2 only
Answer: (a)The mission used Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for the launch.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option C. -> Japan
Answer: (c)
The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite or GOSAT, also known as Ibuki (meaning breath in Japanese) is an Earth observation satellite and the world’s first satellite dedicated to greenhouse-gas monitoring. It measures densities of carbon dioxide and methane from 56,000 locations on the Earth’s atmosphere.
The GOSAT was developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and launched on January 23, 2009, from the Tanegashima Space Center. Japan’s Ministry of the Environment and National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) use the data to track gases causing the greenhouse effect and share the data with NASA and other international scientific organizations.
Note: On Dec. 22, 2016, China has successfully sent its first carbon dioxide monitoring satellite TanSat into space via a Long March-2D rocket.
The spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center located in the Gobi Desert.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option A. -> International Telecommunication Union
Answer: (a)
A geosynchronous orbital is a satellite with an orbit that keeps it over the same region of the earth at all times due to an orbital period that is the same as the earth itself (it takes the satellite one day to achieve an “orbit” of the earth).
A special type of geosynchronous orbital is a geostationary orbital, which is a satellite that stays over the same point on the surface of the earth at all times. The UN agency that regulates the use of geosynchronous orbitals is the International Telecommunications Union. Regulation of these satellites is necessary because there are a limited number of places to put them in orbit without the risk of interference with other satellites or collision with space debris.
In addition, the “orbital slots” (where the satellites are placed) over industrialized areas are in much more demand than in lesser developed areas. Slots over lesser developed countries with a location that would give satellite coverage of industrialized countries are also in demand.

Explanation:-

Answer: Option B. -> to make it pest-resistant.
Answer: (b)Bt-Brinjal is named after the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. The pest resultant protein producing genes have been inserted from this bacteria to brinjal to make it pest -resistant.